13 years, 5 months ago by Colin Farlow
Ellen Bialystok, a research professor of psychology at York University in Toronto, claims a polyglot child develops cognitive efficiency from constantly speaking more than one language: "[t]he constant necessity to resist attending to a second language in favor of the one in use, and the need to switch between languages demands more effortful attention than does monolingual speech production, and this greater cognitive demand fosters the development of a higher level of attentional control." [1]
This affect appears to help stave off the symptoms of Alzheimers. In Bialystok’s study individuals with Alzheimers who had equal levels of outward symptoms were compared. The study essentially shows that people who regularly speak more than one language can perform certain cognitive tasks with significantly less amount of functioning brain matter than can someone who only speaks one language. It seems that bilingualism delays the onset of outward symptoms associated with Alzheimers; provided everything else is equal, those who have the disease and are bilingual will still suffer from brain deterioration, but their symptoms will be less severe. In this sense, bilingualism serves some protection against the effects of Alzheimers.In a recent New York Times article about her research Bialystok explains, "[t]here’s a system in your brain, the executive control system. It’s a general manager. Its job is to keep you focused on what is relevant, while ignoring distractions. It’s what makes it possible for you to hold two different things in your mind at one time and switch between them. If you have two languages and you use them regularly, the way the brain’s networks work is that every time you speak, both languages pop up and the executive control system has to sort through everything and attend to what’s relevant in the moment. Therefore the bilinguals use that system more, and it’s that regular use that makes that system more efficient."
The claim that bilingualism can actually be advantageous is significant, because in the past bilingualism was generally regarded as a liability. Bialystok notes, "until about the 1960s, the conventional wisdom was that bilingualism was a disadvantage. Some of this was xenophobia. Thanks to science, we now know that the opposite is true." [2] Bialystok describes questions posed to her about which language should be taught to children whose parents speak more than one language, “People e-mail me and say, “I’m getting married to someone from another culture, what should we do with the children?” I always say, “You’re sitting on a potential gift.”
[1] Schweizer TA, et al., Bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve: Evidence From brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease, Cortex (2011), doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.009 (available at [www.sciencedirect.com](http://www.sciencedirect.com "Science Direct"))The author of this post, Colin Farlow, is a 02011 summer intern with the Rosetta Project. He recently graduated from Indiana University, where he studied East Asian Languages and Cultures and Philosophy.
14 years, 11 months ago by Austin Brown
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15 years, 3 months ago by Tex Pasley
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15 years, 4 months ago by Tex Pasley
15 years, 4 months ago by Tex Pasley
15 years, 4 months ago by Tex Pasley
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15 years, 4 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 4 months ago by Laura Welcher
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15 years, 5 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 5 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 5 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 5 months ago by Alexander Rose
The good folks over at the Jet Propulsion Labs in Pasadena who organized the Data and Art show that the Rosetta Disk was in, were kind enough to get some really nice photos taken of the micro-etched data side of the disk. What you are looking at is over 13,000 tiny pages describing over 1,500 languages. To see each page you would need a 500x microscope.
Many thanks to Dan Goods at JPL and especially Spencer Mishlen for this gorgeous work. I really love how the page rows start to look like the Matrix as you zoom in...
15 years, 6 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 6 months ago by Austin Brown
15 years, 6 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 7 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 7 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 8 months ago by Laura Welcher
15 years, 10 months ago by Alexander Rose
15 years, 11 months ago by Laura Welcher
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16 years ago by Alexander Rose
16 years ago by Laura Welcher
16 years ago by Alexander Rose
16 years ago by Alexander Rose
16 years ago by Laura Welcher
16 years, 1 month ago by Alexander Rose
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16 years, 3 months ago by Kevin Kelly
Paper, it turns out, is a very reliable backup medium for information. While it can burn or dissolve in water, good acid-free versions of paper are otherwise stable over the long term, cheap to warehouse, and oblivious to technological change because its pages are "eye-scanable." No special devices needed. Well-made, well-cared for paper can last 1,000 years easily, and probably reach 2,000 without much extra trouble.
16 years, 3 months ago by Laura Welcher
16 years, 8 months ago by JD Ross Leahy
17 years ago by Laura Welcher
17 years ago by Laura Welcher
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17 years, 2 months ago by Alexander Rose
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17 years, 4 months ago by Alexander Rose
17 years, 7 months ago by Alexander Rose
On January 2nd of 02007 Stewart Brand and I stepped into the cool deep past and unknown future of who begat who.
The Granite Genealogical Vaults
Since I began working on the 10,000 Year Clock project, and associated Library projects here at Long Now almost a decade ago, I have heard cryptic references to this archive. We have visited the nuclear waste repositories, historical sites, and many other long term structures to look for inspiration. However we had never found a way to see this facility. This is the underground bunker where the Mormons keep their genealogical backup data, deep in the solid granite cliffs of Little Cottonwood Canyon, outside Salt Lake City. UT.
The Church has been collecting genealogical data from all the sources it can get its hands on, from all over the world, for over 100 years. They have become the largest such repository, and the data itself is open to anyone who uses their website, or comes to their buildings in downtown Salt Lake City.
However they dont do public tours of the Granite Vaults where all the original microfilm is kept for security and preservation reasons. Since Stewart had recently given a talk at Brigam Young University we were able to request access, and the Church graciously took us out to lunch and gave us a tour.
17 years, 8 months ago by Alexander Rose
